2 Euro Proof

Donatello, actually Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi, was born in Florence around 1386. He was one of the sculptors of the Early Renaissance and worked in marble, bronze, wood and terracotta. His training and work took place during a period in which Florence was intensively engaging with the art of Greek and Roman antiquity. Donatello combined its conception of the human body with close observation of posture, movement and individual facial expressions. He also further developed very low relief, which creates spatial depth through slight gradations.

The David depicted is the biblical figure from the First Book of Samuel. The young shepherd defeats the Philistine Goliat, although he is physically superior and heavily armed. Donatello’s figure shows David after the battle: he stands with one foot on Goliat’s severed head and holds his sword. Unlike medieval representations, he appears as a nude, free-standing figure wearing a hat and boots. The exact date of its creation and the original context in which the bronze was displayed have not been conclusively established. It was, however, owned by the Medici and later brought to the Palazzo Vecchio.

The statue refers to ancient nude figures and contrapposto, in which the body weight rests on one leg. At the same time, David is both a Christian hero and a figure open to political interpretation: in Florence, he could be understood as a symbol of a smaller community asserting itself against overwhelmingly powerful opponents. This motif appeared repeatedly in the city’s art.

Donatello’s other works include sculptures for the Florentine Cathedral and Orsanmichele, the equestrian statue of Gattamelata in Padua, and the wooden Mary Magdalene. By choosing a round anniversary of his death and a work closely associated with Florence and the Renaissance, Italy commemorated an artist whose works had a lasting influence on European sculpture.